Micro-EvolutionChanges within one species.
There are 5 ways to change a gene pool 1. Natural selection: genes best suited to an environment and are passed on to next generation. 2. Mutations: is a change in DNA, it can be passed on to future generations. This can have good, bad or neutral effects. 3. Genetic drift: creates a change in the gene pool from a result of chance (random) events. 4, Genetic flow: the transfer of genes from one population to another, can introduce new types into the population. Or if the gene flow is stopped or restricted populations that were joined now can change independently. 5. Non-random mating: organisms rarely mate randomly, harems, Assorted mating and sexual selection. If there was no evolution occurring in a population then these frequencies of each variations would remain the same from generation to generation, but we do see a change therefor we know evolution is evolving and adapting. |
Macro-EvolutionChanging from one species to another, also known as speciation (making of a new species).
1. Divergent Evolution: Occurs when a small part of populations move to new areas and isolate as well as evolve to their new habitats. Common ancestor so DNA is similar, like the Galapagos Finches for example. 2. Convergent Evolution: happens when two unrelated species begin to inhabit the same environment and evolve so the species show the same characteristics. Is not a common ancestor so the DNA is not related, the Duck and the platypus bills are good examples of this. As for evidence there is not very many fossils, to show how it is possible to jump from one species to a different one. |